Mediterranean Diet For Everyone

Beet and Lentil Salad

There are so many different specialty diets these days: Keto, Paleo, Vegan, FODMAP, and the list goes on. I've prescribed all of these diets to patients for different reasons over the years, as everyone has individual needs at times. After 20+ years of medical practice, including 7 years focused on food and nutrition, I have come to the conclusion that there is no one perfect diet. That being said, I love to teach and preach about the Mediterranean diet because it is as close to a "one size fits-all" plan that works.

While you can Google a list of specific foods and guidelines for the Mediterranean diet, it doesn't really work that way. Rather, it is really a formula for eating well rather than a specific cuisine. The basic tenants of the eating pattern are simple: focus on eating whole (unprocessed) food that is rich in fruits and veggies, whole grains, nuts, legumes, spices, and extra virgin olive oil. Do this while keeping poultry, fish, dairy, and red meat to modest amounts. No matter your dietary allegience, it is hard to argue against a diet that advocates for eating real food. 

The research behind this formula is extensive. Thousands of studies representing millions of lives consistently shows that eating like this helps maintain weight, keeps cholesterol in check and blood sugar and blood pressure low. Also, the risk of cancer, depression and Alzheimer's disease is also lower. All these benefits are gained simply by paying attention to what goes in your mouth. 

Whether you consider yourself a vegan, a paleo die-hard or follower of a specialty diet, applying a Mediterranean diet philosophy to your approach can benefit your health.

Keep the following in mind:

1. Eat lots of vegetables. There are so many choices! From a simple plate of sliced fresh tomatoes drizzled with olive oil and flaky sea salt, to garlicky greens, fragrant soups and stews, healthy pizzas, or oven-roasted medleys. Vegetables are vitally important to the fresh tastes and health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.

2. Change the way you think about meat. If you eat meat, just do it in smaller amounts. For example, add small strips of sirloin to a vegetable sauté, or garnish a dish of lentils with diced prosciutto. As a main course, have smaller portions (3-4 ounces) of chicken or pastured meat. Think of meat as an accompaniment instead of the center of the plate.

3. Consider eating seafood twice a week. Fish such as salmon, trout and mackeral are rich in heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids. When you crave more variety add anchovies, sardines and herring. Shellfish including mussels, oysters, and clams have similar benefits for brain and heart health.

4. Cook a vegetarian meal one night per week. Build these meals around beans, whole grains, and vegetables, and heighten the flavors with fragrant herbs and spices. When one night feels comfortable, try two nights per week.

5. Use good fats. Include sources of healthy fats in your daily meals, especially extra-virgin olive oil, nuts, seeds, olives, and avocados.

6. Switch to whole grains. Whole grains are naturally rich in many important nutrients including fiber to keep you satisfied for hours.

7. For dessert, eat fresh fruit. Choose from a wide range of delicious fresh fruits — from fresh figs and oranges to pomegranates, grapes and apples. Instead of daily ice cream or cookies, save sweets for a special treat or celebration.

8. Enjoy alcohol very sparingly (if at all). Alcohol, in moderation, has historically been associated with the cardiovascular benefits of the Mediterranean diet. After careful evaluation of the research, a committee of scientists updating the latest edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is changing the current stance on alcohol. They report that studies showing alcohol can protect health are deeply flawed, and that any potential cardiovascular benefits would be outweighed by the fact that alcohol is a leading preventable cause of cancer. The committee plans to recommend that men and women who drink limit themselves to a single serving of wine, beer or liquor per day. They do not recommend drinking for health and suggest drinking less is generally better. As an alternative to alcohol, try a low sugar, organic wine or a mocktail.

Use the recipes below as inspiration to get started on a Mediterranean diet. 

Roasted Olives with Orange and Rosemary

Salmon with Lemon Walnut Relish

Mediterranean Lentil Salad

Roasted Whitefish with Sweet Peppers

Looking for a place to find low sugar, organic wine. Check out Dry Farm Wines. 

TIPS FOR DRY JANUARY SUCCESS

The Art of a Sheet Pan Dinner

A busy cooks dream, a sheet pan dinner is similar to a one-pot meal. It does not require fancy equipment yet makes kitchen clean-up a breeze at the end of the meal. Your ingredients can be as simple or fancy as desired, just follow a basic formula that includes protein, veggies, fat and flavoring. Roast until everything is golden and marvel at your accomplishment when dinner is served. 

Adapted from NYT Cooking guide by Melissa Clark 

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Choosing Your Sheet Pan

A sheet pan is a wide, shallow baking pan made from aluminum or stainless steel. It has a low rim that prevents the pan contents from sliding off the edge of the pan, but still encourages airflow and browning. This humble tool is a kitchen workhorse; it is the go-to pan for roasting vegetables, meats and often entire meals. I encourage every kitchen to have a sheet pan (or several) in a variety of sizes.

Most sheet pans are 18x13 inches with a 1-inch rim. This size will fit in most standard home ovens. These pans are also called half-sheet pans because they are half the size a pan typically found in a commercial kitchen. Quarter sheet pans, measuring 9x13 inches, are great for smaller ovens. If you are cooking multiple items at one time it is helpful to have multiple 9x13 pans to prevent flavors from mixing or to accommodate different cooking times for varied ingredients.

When purchasing a sheet pan, look for a pan with a heavy-duty gauge — this refers to the thickness of the metal used. The higher the gauge, the thinner the pan: Anything from 13 to 18 gauges will work well.

Sheet pans are typically easy to clean, however lining your pan with a silpat baking mat or parchment paper makes clean up even easier. Silpat baking mats are sturdy, reusable mats made from food grade silicone. Silpat mats can be used in an oven up to 480 degrees. Parchment paper is single-use, disposable product. Thanks to a silicone coating, it's resistant to grease and moisture. It is flexible enough to fold but sturdy enough to not tear. Parchment paper is heat resistant up to oven temperatures as high as 450 degrees. Note: Using a pan liner may hamper the browning of your food. Parchment paper in particular may make roasted items less likely to get browned and crispy.

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The sheet pan formula

Choose Your Protein

For a well-balanced meal, I recommend starting with your protein. Build your flavors and accompanying veggies around this protein. Whether you decide on poultry, beef, pork, fish or tofu, you’ll want to start with 1⁄4 to 3⁄4 pound per serving, to be supplemented with vegetables.

Prior to roasting, gently season the meat with salt, pepper, (and herbs if using) and a light coat of oil. I recommend avocado oil for high-heat cooking.

• Poultry Notes:
  Dark meat takes longer to cook that white meat.
  Bone-in meat takes longer to cook than boneless cuts.
  All poultry should be cooked to at least 165 degrees or until juices run clear when the meat is cut. When able, use pasture-raised or organic poultry.

• Seafood Notes:
  As a general rule, fish takes 8-10 minutes to cook per inch thickness.
  Salmon can be cooked to 120 degrees for medium-rare to 125 degrees for medium.
  Shrimp should be added as the sheet pan veggies are in the last few minutes of cooking.
  When able, use wild-caught, sustainable seafood.

• Red Meat Notes:
  Use an oven safe wire rack that fits your sheet pan when cooking larger cuts of meat. This will prevent the meat from becoming soggy or sticking to the pan.
  Smaller cuts of meat can be placed on the pan directly.
  After the meat has reached its ideal cooking temperature, place the meat under the broiler for 1-2 minutes to create browning if desired.
  Beef is rarely used in sheet pan dinners. Ground beef or meatballs are an exception.
  When able, use grass-fed, unprocessed meats.

• Tofu Notes:
  Dry out your vegetable protein prior to baking to allow it to crisp and brown.
  Marinade your plant based protein prior to roasting to add flavor.
  Do not cook tofu on the same pan as watery vegetables. The moisture for the vegetables will prevent the tofu from browning.
  Dredging tofu in cornstarch prior to roasting will allow the tofu to crisp and brown. The tofu is more likely to stick to your pan if it has been dredged.

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Choose your Vegetables

Once you have chosen your protein, it is time to pick the vegetables. I recommend LOTS of vegetables. They should be the star and bulk of your meal. Vegetables cook down significantly under high temperatures, so always err on the side of more. When choosing and roasting veggies I recommend the follow tips:

• Tip 1: Choose a pan size. I recommend using the largest sheet pan your oven will accommodate.

• Tip 2: Cut veggies uniformly. Make sure that all the veggies are all cut to approximately the same size. This will ensure that they roast evenly and be finished at the same time. If you are roasting different kinds of vegetables on the same pan, make sure they have similar cooking times and oven temperatures. Many veggies roast well at 400-450 degrees.

  Tip 3: Use about two tablespoons of oil per sheet. Lightly coat the veggies with oil to help keep the interior of the veggies moist. Too much oil can cause soggy veggies.  A good rule of thumb is about 2 tablespoons of oil per baking sheet.

• Tip 4: Arrange the veggies in a single layer. Crowded veggies will steam rather than get crisp and caramelized. Spread the veggies evenly across the baking sheet. 

• Tip 5: Season with salt and pepper prior to roasting. Adding salt before roasting is a key step and can really make a difference in the final flavor. It is hard to give an exact measurement since salting is a matter of personal preference and can vary from vegetable to vegetable. A general rule of thumb is to use around 1/2 to 3/4 teaspoon of salt per baking sheet and a few grinds of black pepper. Taste the vegetables when they have finished cooking and add more seasoning if needed.

• Tip 6: Center your pans. If using only one sheet pan, the center of your oven is usually the best place to put it. When using multiple pans, always try to place them side by side if the oven allows. If you have to roast veggies on two different racks, make sure you put the top rack in the upper third of the oven and the lower rack in the bottom third of the oven. This will allow the heat and air to circulate better to help get the vegetables tender and caramelized. If the baking sheets are only an inch or two apart, the bottom vegetables will steam.

• Tip 7: Rotate halfway through. Another tip when using multiple pans is to rotate the pans halfway through to ensure that all veggies are getting equal exposure to the heat and have an equal chance of getting crispy and caramelized. 

• Tip 8: Consider convection. If you are using multiple pans, another option is to bake on convection, a setting where the heat is circulated by a fan. This setting can produce more even heat. This can be very helpful when you are roasting multiple vegetables at once. Beware, this setting is also more drying and cooks more quickly. A good rule of thumb is to reduce the oven temperature by 25°F when using a convection setting.

• Tip 9: Add flavor. Fresh herbs, such as rosemary or thyme can be a wonderful addition to the pan for a little extra flavor. Don’t forget to taste the vegetables before serving. You can always finish them with a sprinkle of flaky sea salt and more freshly ground black pepper.

Notes:
Dense vegetables like potatoes and winter squashes take the longest to cook depending on the oven temperature and the vegetable size.
Vegetables with a higher moisture content can take less time to cook. However, if you want to caramelize the vegetables it can take longer because the moisture needs to evaporate before browning can occur.
Leafy vegetables like kale, broccoli rabe, or Swiss chard will cook fastest. If the leaves are thoroughly dry, they will turn crisp and brown. Kale and chard can turn to brittle chips if you use enough oil.

Below are lists of popular vegetables and their suggested cooking times. Pair your veggies to the cook time of our protein. Alternatively, build your meal by placing the ingredient that requires the longest cook time in the oven first. Add ingredients to the cooking pan at intervals to allow all ingredients to be fully cooked about the same time.  

Photo credit: www.healwithfood.org

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Build Flavor

Once you have chosen your main ingredients, it is time to get creative with the seasonings. Many ingredients are delicious on their own. You can opt to season simply with salt and pepper. Or, you can build complex flavors by adding herbs and spices.

Herbs and Spices Notes:
Sprigs of sturdy, branchy fresh herbs can stand up to lengthy cooking without burning. Thyme, oregano, marjoram, rosemary, bay leaves, tarragon and sage are all good choices. Add them directly to the pan with the meat or veggies. Dried herb mixes are convenient to stock in the kitchen if mixing your own blend is intimidating.
Avoid soft herbs like basil, chives, parsley, cilantro and mint, which can turn brown at high heat. They are better added as garnishes.
Whole spices can also be tossed directly onto the pan with the other ingredients, adding fragrance and depth. Some favorites include chile flakes, coriander seeds, fennel seeds, cumin seeds and cinnamon sticks.

Bold Additions Notes:
Add whole smashed garlic cloves (peeled or unpeeled) directly to the sheet pan if desired. Peeled garlic is more intense in flavor than unpeeled garlic. Avoid minced garlic because it can burn easily.
Sliced oranges and lemons or whole or sliced fresh chiles can be added with the other ingredients while roasting to add depth of flavor to your dish. Make sure they are well coated with oil to encourage caramelization.

Finishing Touches Notes:
If you are using soft fresh herbs like mint, basil, green onions, or cilantro, add them after baking.
For a final element to brighten the meal. consider adding a squeeze of citrus or a drizzle of vinegar. Yogurt, vinaigrettes, grated or crumbled cheeses, salsas, sauces, chutneys, quick-pickled onions, chile pastes and hot sauces all add vibrancy to a finished dish.

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Assembling Your Meal

Once you have collected all your ingredients, there are a few more things to bear in mind.

Tip 1: Your ingredients and their cook times matter. Start with the slowest-cooking ingredient, then add items in a progression, ending with whatever cooks fastest.

Tip 2: Size of your ingredients also matter. The smaller an ingredient is chopped, the faster it will cook. This applies only to like ingredients: Small chunks of carrots may still take longer to cook through than larger pieces of tomatoes, mushrooms, broccoli or other less dense vegetables. Half an inch is a good starting point. This size will cook quickly while providing a satisfying bite.

Tip 3: Pay attention to placement of your sheet pan and your ingredients. The closer the sheet pan is to the heat source, the crisper and browner everything will get. Similarly, ingredients at the pan’s edges cook faster than those in the middle. The more spread out the ingredients are on the pan, the more air will flow between them, thus creating better browning. For even cooking, place larger pieces at the edges of the pan and smaller pieces in the center. Make sure to rotate your sheet pan halfway through cooking.

Tip 4. Mind your temperature. The suggested cook times listed here are based on a 400-degree oven temperature but choose a hotter temperature for deeper color with a soft center or choose a lower temperature for slower, more even cooking.

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Inspirational Meals to get you started:

Poultry:

• Roasted chicken thighs with carrots, shallots and grapes

• Greek inspired sheet pan chicken thighs (omit the feta if you are dairy-sensitive or completing an elimination diet)

Seafood:

• Rosemary Roasted Salmon with Asparagus & Potatoes

• Sheet Pan Shrimp Fajitas

• Sheet Pan Roasted Fish With Sweet Peppers

Red Meat:

• Sheet Pan Mini Meatloaf With Vegetables

• One-Pan Pork Loin With Brussels And Apples

Vegetarian:

• Summer Sheet Pan Frittata

• Sheet-Pan Crisp Tofu and Sweet Potatoes

(This blog post is not sponsored by any manufacturer. However, at no cost to you, Relish Health may receive a commission on purchases made through an Amazon link.)

Milk and Health

Milk, cheese, yogurt and their many variations are a big part of the standard American diet. Most of us have grown up believing dairy is an essential part of a healthy diet. Americans have been told by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that adults or kids over 9 years old should enjoy three 8-oz servings per day of milk or equivalent portions of cheese and yogurt for calcium to reduce the risk of bone fractures. But is this really necessary or even true?

In a recently published review article, The New England Journal of Medicine summarized the research related to one of America’s favorite foods. According to research this is what we know today:

What milk does: 

• If breast milk is not available, cow’s milk can be an important nutrient component of infant formula.

• Milk consumption while growing can increase height. The consequences of this accelerated growth is complex. Taller stature is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease but with higher risks of many cancers and hip fractures.

What milk does NOT do:

• Dairy is NOT associated with better bone health and decreased fracture risk. Research shows that countries with the highest intakes of milk and calcium tend to have the highest rates of hip fractures. This correlation may not be causal and might be due to confounding factors, but low dairy consumption is clearly compatible with low rates of hip fracture. In fact, a study found that milk during adolescence was associated with a 9% greater risk of hip fracture later in life for men for every additional glass they consumed per day.

• Dairy does NOT promote weight loss. A meta-analysis of 29 randomized trials showed no overall effects of dairy on body weight. Contrary to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) advice to choose reduced-fat dairy, findings in studies showed that low-fat milk does not appear to have advantages over whole milk for weight control — and in children, available evidence suggests greater long-term weight gain with reduced-fat milk than with full-fat milk. 

• Dairy does NOT help blood pressure, cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. The relatively high potassium content of milk has led to the suggestion that greater milk intake may reduce blood pressure. Randomized trials of low-fat milk have shown inconsistent results with respect to reduction of blood pressure.

Risks associated with milk:

• Milk contains hormones. To increase milk production, cows have been bred to produce higher levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and they are pregnant for most of the time they are milked, which greatly increases levels of progestins, estrogens, and other hormones in milk.

• Dairy increases cancer risk such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and others because of the effects of milk consumption on human plasma IGF-I.

• Milk consumption predisposes to asthma, eczema, and food allergies.

• Foods may influence health both directly and indirectly through the environmental effects of their production. Greenhouse gas production, climate changes, pollution and antibiotic resistance are associated with the milk industry, particularly industrial-scale production.

Consensus: 

This article concludes that the health benefits of dairy products have not been established and concerns exist about the risks of regular consumption. When we evaluate the research, it is important to note that the reported health effects of dairy depend on the foods or beverages to which they are compared. In many studies, dairy foods are better when compared to processed red meat or sugar-sweetened beverages but less beneficial when compared to plant-protein sources such as nuts. The bottom line is to enjoy dairy responsibly and in small quantities, if at all.

How to Replace Butter When Baking

Homemade Almond Milk

Think you know dairy?

Dairy Free, Egg Free Indulgent Eggnog

Homemade Coconut Yogurt

Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1903547?articleTools=true

10 Tips for Starting a Plant-Based Diet

Have you made a resolution to make changes for a healthier 2020? I know many people kickstarted the year with a "cleanse" or a specific or restrictive diet. However, a healthier year usually takes a longer-term approach. I recommend setting goals that move your eating in the right direction in realistic and sustainable ways. My one size fits all advice is to simply eat more plants. Whether you are interested in a vegetarian or plant-based diet or simply adding more vegetables to your diet these strategies may be helpful. 

1. Build every meal around a star vegetable, instead of a meat or carbohydrate. How about a roasted cauliflower, veggie tagine or meaty grilled portobella mushroom with romesco sauce?

2. Embrace the 4S's. Soups, salads, smoothies and stir fries are great ways to add more veggies to our meals. 

3. Use the flavor and health benefits of herbs and spices to transform meals from bland to exciting. This Moroccan lentil soup is deliciously spiced with anti-inflammatory turmeric, ginger and cinnamon.

4. Use different cooking techniques to bring out different flavors—for example, roasting a vegetable can bring out sweetness; grilling a vegetable can bring out the smokiness. Check out this roasting guide for perfect veggies every time.

5. Use a variety of textures—build an interesting and satisfying meal by layering different textures, such as crunchy nuts and seeds, chewy shiitake bacon, or silky smooth cashew cream.

6. Add sauce- Pesto, romesco and salsa verde are some of my favorites. They are a great way to add flavor and a few more veggies to your plate.

7. Make cashew cream— many people miss the creaminess associated with dairy products when they transition to a dairy-free or plant-based diet.  Raw cashews, soaked and then puréed, make a great substitute for cream. Add a splash of lemon juice and a pinch of salt for a sour cream like flavor.

8. Caramelize or pickle onions—these make an excellent flavor addition to almost any food and keep well in the fridge for a quick way to elevate a meal.

9. Embrace fermented foods. Sauerkraut, coconut yogurt, kimchee and miso are few of the probiotic rich foods that are easily found in most groceries. They add a punch of flavor while benefiting your gut health. 

10. Make your food beautiful— Embrace the wide variety of colorful fruits and veggies available at the grocery. We also eat with our eyes, so paying attention to presentation makes your food more satisfying. Fruits and vegetables are naturally beautiful.

Here’s to healthy year. Cheers!

Good Mood Food

Do you dread people asking you “how are you today?” Do you say “fine” but secretly you are groggy or grumpy, or maybe just feeling down or in a bad mood? Anxiety and depression symptoms are common in American adults and can affect relationships, work, and overall health. While there are common pharmaceutical and counseling solutions which are appropriate, there is an additional area that you can easily control which also is a very powerful tool affecting your mood. Let’s look at food and its impact on your brain and your mood.

Our brains are composed of some of the hungriest cells in our body. They need consistent fuel and have specific nutrient needs. Study after study  has demonstrated that eating a nutrient-dense diet that is low in sugar (like a Mediterranean style diet) can prevent and even be used to help treat depression. A diet that is rich in “good mood foods” that include B vitamins, good fats and important minerals helps boost our brain’s ability to utilize serotonin and other feel-good brain chemicals.

Here are a few key nutrients that can help lift your mood, and where to find them in foods:

Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential building blocks of our brains. In fact, our brains are comprised of nearly 60% fat! EPA and DHA fatty acids found in cold water fish are the fats that help protect our brain and lower inflammation. Good sources of omega-3 fats include salmon, sardines and anchovies. (Check out these salmon and sardine recipes for inspiration.)

B Vitamins

Your brain needs B vitamins to initiate many essential chemical reactions which help prevent depression and heighten the effects of antidepressants. In particular, B12, B6 and folate are necessary for nerve cell functioning. B12 is a vitamin that predicts how fast our brain shrinks as we age. One key approach to slowing this process is to maximize our absorption of vitamin B12 by keeping our stomach and gut healthy and eating foods that concentrate B12. Sources of many B vitamins include leafy greens, whole grains, nuts and seeds and lean meat. Vitamin B12 is only found in animal products. While clams, mussels and oysters provide an especially high concentration, you can also gain benefit by eating small servings of high quality pastured eggs and meats.

Fiber and probiotics

It’s been well-established that serotonin is a powerful chemical in our brain that influences our mood. Studies suggest that 60%-90% of serotonin is in our gastrointestinal system (our gut) which makes it directly affected by our microbiome (the colony of bacteria that lives in our gut.) So, a good mood requires keeping our gut be happy and healthy. Also, the microbiome helps regulate our immunity, helps us absorb our nutrients and even creates chemicals that communicate with our brain. Fiber feeds these beneficial bacteria that are so crucial to our guts’ proper function. Probiotic foods like kefir, sauerkraut and kimchi help create and balance a proper microbiome.

Vitamin D

A lack of vitamin D is associated with low mood, but also sub-optimal immunity. The best source of natural vitamin D is sunlight absorbed through the skin. However, if you have limited exposure to light, then taking a supplement may be helpful and is commonly necessary in the Midwest. Unfortunately, natural food sources of vitamin D are limited, and include sardines and cod liver oil. Those are probably not your first choices for dinner this week. Talk to your physician or Relish Health to gain a personal assessment of your level of vitamin D to customize a solution for you. 

Classic Tomato Basil Soup

Classic Dairy-free Tomato Basil Soup

Comfort food at its finest, this soup is an antioxidant rush. The potato and cashews give the soup a creamy, silky texture without dairy. Grilled cheese is optional. 

Tomato Basil Soup (Gluten and dairy-free)

Author: Erica Leazenby, MD 

Serves: 4-6

Time: 30 minutes

Ingredients:

• 1-2 Tablespoons olive oil

• 1 large onion, diced

• 1 carrot, diced

• 1 garlic clove, cut in 3-4 pieces

• 2 14-oz cans organic tomatoes

• 1 small yellow potato, peeled and diced

• 2 teaspoons dried basil

• 4 cups stock (veggie or chicken)

• 1 ½ teaspoon salt

• ¼ teaspoon pepper

• ¼ cup raw cashews, soaked in hot water for 30 minutes

• 1 teaspoon maple syrup (to balance acidity)

• Pinch red pepper flakes (optional)

Directions:

1. Heat the oil in a large soup pot over medium high heat. Sauté the onions, carrots, garlic and half the salt until the onions are soft and translucent about 4-5 minutes. 

2. Add the tomatoes, basil, potatoes and pepper flakes to the mixture and stir to combine.  After sautéing the tomatoes for a few minutes, add the stock and remaining salt and pepper. Simmer the mixture until the potatoes and carrots are soft about 10 minutes. 

3. In batches, use a high-speed blender to puree the tomato soup. Add the cashews to the blender during this process. 

4.  Pour the pureed soup back into the soup pot. Season with salt, pepper and maple syrup to taste. 

5. Serve garnished with fresh basil, parsley or crackers.

Mediterranean Diet For Everyone

Summer Peach and Tomato Salad with Basil

There are so many different specialty diets these days: Keto, Paleo, Vegan, FODMAP, and the list goes on. I've prescribed all of these diets to patients for different reasons over the years, as everyone has individual needs at times. After 20 years of medical practice, including 3 years focused on food and nutrition, I have come to the conclusion that there is no one perfect diet. That being said, I love to teach and preach about the Mediterranean diet because it is as close to a "one size fits-all" plan that works.

While you can Google a list of specific foods and guidelines for the Mediterranean diet, it doesn't really work that way. Rather, it is really a formula for eating well rather than a specific cuisine. The basic tenants of the eating pattern are simple: focus on eating whole (unprocessed) food that is rich in fruits and veggies, whole grains, nuts, legumes, spices, and extra virgin olive oil. Do this while keeping poultry, fish, dairy, red meat and wine to modest amounts. No matter your dietary allegience, it is hard to argue against a diet that advocates for eating real food. 

The research behind this formula is extensive. Thousands of studies representing millions of lives consistently shows that eating like this helps maintain weight, keeps cholesterol in check and blood sugar and blood pressure low. Also, the risk of cancer, depression and Alzheimer's disease is also lower. All these benefits are gained simply by paying attention to what goes in your mouth. 

Whether you consider yourself a vegan, a paleo die-hard or follower of a specialty diet, applying a Mediterranean diet philosophy to your approach can benefit your health.

Keep the following in mind*:

1. Eat lots of vegetables. There are so many choices! From a simple plate of sliced fresh tomatoes drizzled with olive oil and flaky sea salt, to garlicky greens, fragrant soups and stews, healthy pizzas, or oven-roasted medleys. Vegetables are vitally important to the fresh tastes and health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.

2. Change the way you think about meat. If you eat meat, just do it in smaller amounts. For example, add small strips of sirloin to a vegetable sauté, or garnish a dish of lentils with diced prosciutto. As a main course, have smaller portions (3-4 ounces) of chicken or pastured meat. Think of meat as an accompaniment instead of the center of the plate.

3. Consider eating seafood twice a week. Fish such as salmon, trout and mackeral are rich in heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids. When you crave more variety add anchovies, sardines and herring. Shellfish including mussels, oysters, and clams have similar benefits for brain and heart health.

4. Cook a vegetarian meal one night per week. Build these meals around beans, whole grains, and vegetables, and heighten the flavors with fragrant herbs and spices. When one night feels comfortable, try two nights per week.

5. Use good fats. Include sources of healthy fats in your daily meals, especially extra-virgin olive oil, nuts, seeds, olives, and avocados.

6. Switch to whole grains. Whole grains are naturally rich in many important nutrients: they are fuller and the nuttier taste and extra fiber keep you satisfied for hours.

7. For dessert, eat fresh fruit. Choose from a wide range of delicious fresh fruits — from fresh figs and oranges to pomegranates, grapes and apples. Instead of daily ice cream or cookies, save sweets for a special treat or celebration.

8. Enjoy wine (optional). Alcohol, in moderation, has been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease in some research studies. For men, 1 to 2 glasses (5 ounces) of red wine at meals may be acceptable. Women should be advised to have just 1 glass of wine no more than four times a week due to the recognized association between breast cancer and increased alcohol consumption. Try low sugar, organic wines.

Use the recipes below as inspiration to get started. 

Roasted Olives with Orange and Rosemary

Mediterranean Lentil Salad

Looking for a place to find low sugar, organic wine. Check out Dry Farm Wines. 

*https://oldwayspt.org/traditional-diets/mediterranean-diet

Beet Hummus for Spring

Beet Hummus

Spring is here. The longer, warmer days are inviting me to work in my garden. The hardy plants I planted in the cool, early season are nearly ready to harvest. Beets and tender greens are among my favorite early crops to enjoy. Beets come in a variety of vibrant colors that will brighten any table this time of year. In the plant world, color is associated with powerful phytonutrients that benefit our health. Beets in particular have fiber and nutrients that can help improve blood pressure, prevent cancer and fight inflammation.

Enjoy them alone, or with a drizzle of your favorite balsamic vinegar, or try them as a stunning addition in the hummus recipe below.

Beet Hummus

Hummus is an amazing nutritious and versatile dish. Chickpeas are a great source of protein and fiber while the tahini (sesame seed paste) provides calcium and other minerals. In this variation on the classic hummus, the beets add a sweet hint and pack a powerful anti-oxidant punch. I love to serve this dip with a platter of colorful vegetables.

Author: Erica Leazenby, MD

Time: 15 minutes

4-6 small roasted beets (about 1 can rinsed and well drained)

1 can cooked chickpeas, drained and rinsed*

1 lemon, zest and juice

1/4 cup Tahini plus more to taste

1 large garlic clove

1/2 tsp sea salt plus more to taste

pepper to taste

olive oil to desired consistency (I use approximately 1 Tablespoon)

1.     Roughly chop the beets and place them in the food processor.

2.    Add all remaining ingredients to the machine with the exception of the olive oil. Allow the machine to run until the mixture is a smooth consistency. This may take several minutes. Stop the mixing occasionally to reincorporate any hummus that is clinging to the edge of the bowl. After the mixture is starting to become smooth, drizzle the olive oil into the food processor while it is running until the desired consistency is reached.

3.     Enjoy with veggies, whole wheat pita or gluten-free crackers.

*If you have plenty of time, peeling each chickpea will result in a smoother hummus.

Eating to Better Health

Can your fork really work for you? In my cooking classes, people often ask me what they should eat to help them feel better or improve their health. The answer is as complex as you are. It really is different for everyone. Indeed, your fork is one of the most powerful tools you have to improve your health. Every food you put on it is a piece of information that can alter your body chemistry for better or worse. Where do you start? Don't let food get in your way of feeling your best. Here are 10 tips below that you can implement today. If you have specific illnesses or health challenges, please contact me to set an appointment and we can work on a personalized plan together. 

1: Prepare food at home. Meals prepared at home have fewer calories, less fat and less sugar compared with convenience foods or those in restaurants. Invest in a grill pan and stock your pantry with olive oil and spices. Be patient with yourself - any lifestyle change requires creativity and perseverance. Use available resources like healthy cooking classes, library books and online meal planning tools to help learn this new skill. Don’t forget to start simple.

2: Eat more Plants. Pay the farmer now or the pharmacist later. Numerous studies link vegetable and fruit consumption to longevity. Some studies even show eating 5 servings of veggies daily can add as much as 3 years to your life. Eating more plants is associated with decreased inflammation and chronic disease. 

3: Eat the Rainbow. The different colors found in the plant kingdom represent different beneficial antioxidants and nutrients. Eat a rainbow of veggies and fruits to take advantage of all mother nature has to offer. Consider counting color rather than calories. Variety is the spice of life and may also prolong it.

4:  Eat the 4 S’s. Soups, Salads, Smoothies and Stir Fries are great ways to increase servings of veggies in your diet.

5: Beware the Liquid Calorie. Our brain and appetites do a poor job accounting for the calories we drink. It is best to drink water and other non-caloric, unsweetened beverages.

6: Eat Living Foods. Trillions of bacteria live in our gut. These bacteria help us absorb nutrients, ward off infection, produce vitamins, and help regulate our immune system. We need to tend this inner garden to keep it healthy. This means eating foods rich in fiber and consuming fermented foods like sauerkraut. Avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, pesticides and additives also help keep these bacteria healthy.

7:  Fiber is our Friend. Counting grams of fiber is a good measure for plant consumption. Fiber feeds our "good gut bacteria," it helps us feel full, it prevents constipation and can help lower our risk of cancer and inflammation. Make your goal 25 grams per day if you are a woman and 38 grams per day if you are a man.

8: Choose protein with fewer legs. Both a whole-food, plant-based diet and the Mediterranean diet show dramatic reduction in cardiovascular disease and cancer risk. These diets prioritize plant proteins from legumes, nuts and seeds. The Mediterranean diet includes moderate seafood consumption and minimizes or eliminates red meat.

9: Understand Fats. Fat is not to be feared. It is an integral part of our cell membrane and the building blocks of our hormones. Include “good fats" like those found in olive oil, avocado, nuts, seeds and fish. Minimize your consumption of saturated fats and trans-fats (hydrogenated oil). These are found in red meats, whole fat dairy and highly processed foods.

10: Genes are not your destiny. Changing your lifestyle and diet can change how your genes behave. Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly and practicing stress reduction can turn off genes associated with inflammation and cancer. 

What’s on the table this week? Kale

Kale is a nutritional powerhouse that deserves a place in your diet. Even eating it a couple times a month can go a long way toward your health. It is a rich source of protein, fiber, vitamins A, C, and K; as well as folate and many minerals including calcium and potassium. Kale packs all this in a tasty leaf all while being low in calories. It is hard to find a more nutritionally dense food. As shown in this dish below, pairing it with other superfoods like blueberries, cranberries and nuts adds additional antioxidants and phytonutrients that have demonstrated benefits in reducing risks of cancer and chronic diseases.  This one is a personal favorite and it shows up on my family’s dinner table often (and my kids ask for it, too!) Enjoy. 

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Nuts for Kale Salad

Kale Salad

Serves: 8-10
Author: Erica Leazenby, MD
Time: 20 minutes

Ingredients:

1 bunch kale (any variety will do), washed, destemmed and chopped into bite size pieces (about 5-6 cups)
2-3 ribs celery, sliced thin
12 brussel sprouts, shredded (approximately 2 cups)
1 large shallot, thinly sliced
1/3 cup dried cranberries
1/3 cup slivered almonds
1/4 cup shelled pistachios
1 small container organic blueberries
Juice and zest of half a large lemon
1-2 tablespoons raw apple cider vinegar
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 tsp honey (optional)
Salt and pepper to taste

Directions:

Combine all ingredients in a large bowl and toss well to mix and soften the kale.

Note:

While it is perfectly appropriate to serve immediately, it tastes even better if made the day before serving. Time allows the kale leaves to soften and the cranberries to plump. Even if you are a family of four like mine, make this larger version and have delicious leftovers for a couple of days in lunches or future dinners.